Perceptual Process

Perception is ability to see , hear or become aware of something through the senses and sensation is the process of receiving information from the environment through remarkable receptors in the human body.

Sensation ans perception are two completely different elements as well as interrelated processes that are developed throughout the life span, also they have close relationship. Without sensation perception will not be possible. Sensation and perception are work together for us to be able to identify and create meaning from stimuli related information.

For example : Seeing the light – sensation

                       Determining its colors – perception

perception process plays a pivotal role in an organization. This may help to ;

*Identify interpersonal work relations

*Selection employees to the organization

*For performance appraisal

There are 3 factors which are affect to the perception

Perception process is a psychological process that a person uses to organize and interpret information from the environment. Basically perception process has 4 stages.

1. Reception
2. Selection
3. Organization
4. Interpretation

1.Reception – Is the process of person receives the information through stimuli.

2.Selection – In this stage, may affect two types of factors.

Internal – Attributes, motives, experiences , interests and expectations

External – Size, intensity, proximity,motion and novelty.

3.Organization - Is the process of sorting stimuli in to meaningful pattern .this may consist following steps.

Grouping – Stimuli assembled by their similarity

Proximity- Closeness of stimuli to one another that affects perception

Closure- Ability of organizing stimuli , so that together they form a whole pattern.

4.Interpretation- In this stage buildup an idea about the information that was sensed, selected and organized. Interpretation can be expressed by following perceptual methods.

• Primary effect
• Selective perception
• Stereotyping
• Halo and Horn effect
• Projection and expectancy effect

• Primary Effect
  This is the most important effect. The first impression of human being that they remembered latest events more than the less recent ones.

• Selective Perception
  Person sees, hears, or feel what they want and reject the other information which are not relevant to his or her view

• Stereotyping
  Stereotype is an idea or belief about a thing or group that is based upon how they look on the outside, which may be not true or partly true, and there is a different between perceived notion and actual traits. However stereotyping is a generalized concept that may positive or negative.

• Halo effect & Horn effect
  Halo effect and Horn effects are happened in the all time, and those are cognitive bias that may cause you to allow one attribute or trait it may good (Halo) or bad (Horn) to overshadow impression of a person.

• Projection and Expectancy effect

Projection is a psychological defense mechanism which makes a person compare his negative traits with other people and conclude that they are better off than others.  Perceptual checking minimizes the negative effects of projection.

Expectancy is the tendency of an individual to interpret any person or object based on how he expects the person or object to be in the first place. It is also called as Pygmalion effect.

How can we develop perceptual skills

• Knowing about myself accurately.

When we can understand myself accurately, then we can perceive other as more accurate.

• Empathize with others

Empathy is a natural effect, can be defined as the person’s ability to understand and be sensitive about others feelings.

• Communicating openly
  If we have proper communication with right person, at right time in right manner, it may help to minimize inadequate communication or one way communication in an organization.
• Maintaining positive attitudes
  A person who enrich with this attributes, they have a strong and long lasting effects on their perception .

• Comparing one’s perception with that of others
  When comparing one’s own perception with other perception about same object may cause to reduce perceptual errors in the organization,also it may help to get better understanding about situation and the object.

• Introducing Diversity Management Programs
  Every organization workforce is so diverse by language, religious and culture. It is big challenge to work together in an organization as a team or a group. By conducting training programs which are are help to communicate the values of diversity with each other, may cause to reduce the perceptual errors with in the employees.

References

1.Your Article Library. (2019). Strategies for Improving Perceptual Skills: 7 Strategies. [online] Available at: http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/organization/perception/strategies-for-improving-perceptual-skills-7-strategies/63797 [Accessed 14 Jun. 2019].

2.Explorable.com. (2019). Sensation and Perception. [online] Available at: https://explorable.com/sensation-and-perception [Accessed 14 Jun. 2019].

3.Business Jargons. (2019). What is Perception? definition, factors, process and importance - Business Jargons. [online] Available at: https://businessjargons.com/perception.html [Accessed 14 Jun. 2019].

4.Kennon, J. (2019). Mental Model: Horns Effect and Halo Effect. [online] Joshuakennon.com. Available at: https://www.joshuakennon.com/mental-model-horns-effect-and-halo-effect/ [Accessed 15 Jun. 2019].